Analysis Of Ronald Aker s First Social Learning Theory

Theoretical Background Social Learning Theory Ronald Aker’s first social learning theory article was first published as a way to explain Sutherland’s claim the â€Å"Criminal behavior is learned† (Willams McShane, 2014). Aker believed that most deviant behavior is learned through social interaction. The main components of Aker’s social learning theory focused on differential association, definitions, differential reinforcement, and imitation. A study performed by Kim Lersch (1999) found that social learning theory can reliably account for learned deviant behaviors such as educational deception. Differential association. Differential association was first defined by Sutherland (1949) to mean â€Å"the contents of patterns presented in association† with others varies from person to person. Therefore, determining whether someone is more likely to commit academic or research misconduct is primarily based on social interactions amongst their peer groups. According to Eric Anderman and Tamera Murdock (2007), the disapproval from peers has a large impact on the decrease of academic misconduct. Melissa Anderson, Karen Louis, and Jason Earle (1994) found links between socialization and research misconduct. It would be appropriate to view faculty members as the dominant arbitrators who instruct and socialize students into the academic research culture. Definitions. Individuals develop attitudes regarding deviant behavior based on their close relationships with different peer groups. TheShow MoreRelatedSerial Killers And The United States1743 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause they want to. Rehabilitation is not obtainable for serial killers due to their inability for remorse and empathy, or to see people as people and not objects(Knight 2006). This research paper will focus primarily on serial murder within the U.S. First and foremost, a legal definition provided by the U.S. Department of Justice will be presented to set forth the discussion of this research paper. As follows will be a detailed discussion explaining serial killer typologies with the use of examplesRead MoreSociological View on Deviance and Drug Use Essay8777 Words   |  36 Pagesdrug use that we do not already know? If there is anything distinctive about the sociologist view, it is their emphasis on social context. One of the central ideas of all human experience is meaning. Meaning is something imposed and socially made-up, and has two features: it is both external and internal. Meaning is assigned externally to objects and behavior by social cooperation. But it is also assigned by the individual (internal): it is arrived at as a result of a private act of choosingRead More Differential Association Essay3062 Words   |  13 Pagesof crime that emphasized human behavior as determined by social and physical environmental factors, rather than genetic or personal characteristics. (Gaylord, 1988:7-12) With his studies completed he began work at the University of Minnesota from 1926 to 1929 where his reputation as a leading criminologist was enhanced. At this time, his focus became sociology as a scientific enterprise whose goal was the understanding and control of social problems, including crime. (Gaylord, 1988:13) After hisRead MoreEssay on Criminological Theories13456 Words   |  54 PagesStudent Study Guide for Ronald L. Akers and Christine S. Sellers’ Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Applications Fourth Edition Prepared by Eric See Youngstown State University Roxbury Publishing Company Los Angeles, California 1 Student Study Guide by Eric See for Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application , 4th Edition by Ronald L. Akers and Christine S. Sellers Copyright  © 2004 Roxbury Publishing Company, Los Angeles, CaliforniaRead MoreEssay Homicide in Puerto Rico2720 Words   |  11 Pages3 Statement of the problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Social Disorganization Theory of Crime†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 The Social Learning Theory of Crime†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Abstract In recent years Puerto Rico has shown staggering homicide rates, establishing the cause(s) for this development would be the first step in resolving the dilemma. Researching an assortment of criminological theories, history and statistics should be used to explainRead MoreCriminological Theories And Theories Of Criminal Behavior Essay1906 Words   |  8 PagesCriminological Theories Criminological theories (also known as theoretical criminology), according to Schmalleger (2015), is the â€Å"subfield of general criminology that posits explanations of criminal behavior.† (p. 13) There are many theories under this subfield that exist to help people have a better understanding of a criminal s actions as well as put some justification behind them. There are six different schools that fall under criminological theories. These schools are: Classical School, Biological/BiosocialRead MoreControl Theory15246 Words   |  61 PagesUniversity of Arizona Author of Social Bond Theory Hirschi’s Two Theories and Beyond T ravis Hirschi has dominated control theory for four decades. His influence today is undiminished and likely will continue for years, if not decades, to come (see, e.g., Britt Gottfredson, 2003; Gottfredson, 2006; Kempf, 1993; Pratt Cullen, 2000). Beyond the sheer scholarly talent manifested in his writings, what accounts for Hirschi’s enduring influence on criminological theory? Three interrelated considerationsRead MoreExplain Juvenile Delinquency in Terms of Hirschi†S Social Bonding Theory, with Special Reference to the Case Study6009 Words   |  25 PagesDELINQUENCY IN TERMS OF HIRSCHI†S SOCIAL BONDING THEORY, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CASE STUDY Table of Contents Content Introduction Overview of Travis Hirschis Social Bond Theory Applying Hirschi’s Social Bonding Theory to the Case of Susan Fryberg Critique of Self-Control Theory Summary Conclusion References Introduction In this assignment I will try to explain juvenile delinquency in terms of Hirschi’s social bonding theory, with special referenceRead MoreThe Role of the Death Penalty on Preventing Future Crime Essay8133 Words   |  33 Pageseffect that increases the level of violence in our society. It may in fact raise, not lower, murder rates. How could the threat of death fail to prevent -- and possibly even cause -- violence? To understand this phenomenon, we must look at the theory of general deterrence, especially as it relates to the death penalty. The idea of deterrence assumes that: 1. Each of us decides our actions by weighing the cost of these actions against the benefits. When the cost -- in this case the threatRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesshould arouse keen student interest, and may even inspire another generation of entrepreneurs. A fair number of the older cases have faced significant changes in the last few years, for better or for worse, and these we have captured to add to learning insights. After so many years of investigating mistakes, and more recently successes also, it might seem a challenge to keep these new editions fresh and interesting. The joy of the chase has made this an intriguing endeavor through the decades